Leadership Styles Primal Leadership

Question: Discuss about theLeadership Styles forPrimal Leadership. Answer: Introduction: This assignment takes into consideration leadership behavior in the three scenarios which is discussed as follows. The three scenarios chosen for this assignment are leadership of a sports coach, leadership behavior in a sales meeting and leadership to be taken into account after an earthquake. It shall be taken into consideration that, leadership behavior or roles plays an important role in motivating as well as provide a positive attribute towards the same. In a highly competitive business environment, use of proper leadership styles or behavior shall be done so as to succeed in the near future. With fierce competition sports has played an important role in todays competitive environment. Players along with the coaches feel the pressure to succeed and the measure of success can be seen by either a winning or a losing particular game or a tournament. Therefore, proper leadership skills are required by the coach the players so as to succeed in future. A sports coach motivates its players students to use their full potential in order to have a competitive edge over its competitors (Leadership in Sports, 2016). There are many examples where in understanding the dynamics of leadership in professional sports can be seen. For example, Fassel was the head coach of NY Giants from 1997 2003. In his first year, Giant was 10-5. In the year 2000, the team made a record of 12-4. In the year 2003, Giants thought of replacing Coach Fassel with Tom (Sadler, 2003). In this regards, Coach Fassel demonstrated coaching leadership style and realized that, it was time for a change. Though, Tom had an autocratic leadership style and gave too many directions. Tom was brought back into the team so as to instill discipline. It is seen that, Tom portrays his leadership style in the best possible manner when and where needed. Another scenario which portrays, leadership behavior for a sports coach is discussed as follows. The head coach of Green Bay Packers said, Leaders are made and not born. Leaders are made by continuous hard work and its not an easy task to be an effective leader. Some of the leadership motivational tips given by Coach of Green Bay Packers are treat your players with utmost respect. It is important to understand each and every player so as to identify its strengths weaknesses. Instructions to the players shall be given in a positive manner (Stanley, 2012). This will help the players to have high motivation levels. Share the strategy with the players, as they are the ones who have to execute the same. The relationship between a sports coach player is of give and take. If the players know that, the coach believes in them he or she will outperform and in return might start believing in him too (Leadership in Sports, 2016). The second leadership behavior scenario discussed in this section of the assignment is leadership in a sales meeting. It shall be seen that, sales leadership is one of the toughest jobs all over global today due to highly competitive business world. There are six keys for cracking a sales meeting. These have been discussed as follows. First key to crack the sales meeting is to create a visionary leadership. There is little audience who are more cynical as compared to the sales professional. Therefore, providing clear definitive leadership is an important aspect which shall be kept in mind. The sales organization is referred to as the nosecone of leadership; therefore the issues faced by the customers or in regards to product and service will have an impact on the entire team. Secondly, to use successful metrics this marks the progress not just the sales results (Kurnit Lance, 2009). Thirdly, to develop talent and coach relentlessly that is to build sales opportunity across the en tire sales team. Fourthly, to pay close attention to the selling roles as well as understand as to how to get involved in the sales cycles. Fifthly, to create some value in the sales process shall be practiced which would help in value creation. Lastly, in order to get success in a sales meeting high levels of motivation shall be practiced so as to reward and recognize of the sales professionals (Stanley, 2012). The third leadership behavior scenario discussed in this section of the essay is leadership after an earthquake. The scenario takes into consideration the recent earthquake which was hit at Nepal on 25th April2015. The death as well as destruction caused by this natural disaster was mainly due to lack of leadership followed by the Nepalese politics. Like any other leadership style, responsible leadership which refers to care and affection, problem solving facilitation. It shall be seen that, responsible leadership style is far away from any other leadership style. It mainly engages, involving the various stakeholders together to ensure highly sustainable common grounds for the concerned. By the doing the same, it helps to integrate diversities and create a culture of togetherness and peace. Responsible leadership leads towards the realization of sustainable togetherness (Koshalek, Amatullo Sagmeister, 2008). It is a type of a transformational leadership which helps to shift for a b etter solution to its stakeholders. Leadership in Nepal after the earthquake takes into consideration multiple facets. The various leadership styles contribute towards building cooperation, resilience sustainable peace. The political leadership to be adopted after earthquake in Nepal refers to the spirit of responsibility (Kippenberger, 2002). In this case, the Nepalese politicians shall take the charge of joining hands together and care for the diseased. Some of the traits of leadership after Nepal earthquakes 2015 are irresponsible endeavor i.e. lack of timely a sudden response to the chaotic situation. More than eight million people were died and no humanitarian assistance was provided to the same. It was seen that, the prime minister of Nepal at that time ran away to Indonesia and came back after three days of the earthquake only save his life. Same was the case with other political leaders. They were not present publicly and they did not take any responsibility for the loss o ccurred (Kelly, 2006). Second leadership trait after Nepal earthquake is militarism. After the earthquake, military came to support when the political leaders vanished from the battle grounds. Rescue operation in Nepal became a sole responsibility for the military men. Foreign support from various other government officials was made possible by the military men. When the security gave away to bureaucrats and security officials, high levels of corruption was seen in this regard. Corruption was seen at various levels and victims lost hope in the system. On the contrary, they protested against the government. Third leadership trait after Nepal earthquake was high levels of corruption at all levels. It was seen that, government was not able to control corruption after the earthquake hit in Nepal. Therefore, support from NGOs and other fund raising organizations were done directly to the victims (Goleman, Boyatzis McKee, 2002). The politicians were challenged as many of them were found involved in high levels of corruption during the rescue operation. Fourth leadership trait after Nepal earthquake is begging encouraged. At the time of crisis, people feel that begging is the best solution to come out of the loss in an effective manner. In Nepal, people were forced to sit on the streets and beg for their basic needs. Nepal is a land of diverse traditions (Hindu Buddhism) (Goldsmith, Baldoni McArthur, 2010). Various restrictions were sanctioned for the people of the higher castes such as Vaisya Kshatriyas. As stated in one of the vedas, that people belonging to the upper sections of the society were deemed to enjoy the leisures of life enjoy their life to the fullest. Fifth leadership trait after Nepal earthquake is opportunism. Irresponsible leadership of the political parties after the devastating earthquake in Nepal 2015 has raised many questions regarding legitimacy in public. Political parties in government lead to constitution making process without the con sensus of the stakeholders. Similarly, a group of political dissidents came up to be heard during the constitution making process. After the Nepal earthquake 2015, responsible leadership was missing. Though, Nepal has practiced many leadership traits such as charismatic, spiritual, transformational, ethical authentic but it lacked responsible leadership which was of utmost importance (Edinger, 2016). The community is yet to develop but without social responsibility Nepal will remain a victim of various types of conflicts. Hence, it can be concluded that leadership behavior or role plays an important role in motivating as well as provide a positive attribute towards the same. In a highly competitive business environment, use of proper leadership styles or behavior shall be done so as to succeed in the near future. The essay above takes into consideration, leadership behavior in three different scenarios such as leadership of sports coach, leadership behavior in a sales meeting leadership behavior after an earthquake. References Edinger, S. (2016).Forbes Welcome.Forbes.com. Retrieved 12 August 2016, from https://www.forbes.com/sites/scottedinger/2012/10/04/seven-keys-to-sales-leadership/#4bec1fee2edb Goldsmith, M., Baldoni, J., McArthur, S. (2010).The AMA handbook of leadership. New York: American Management Association. Goleman, D., Boyatzis, R., McKee, A. (2002).Primal leadership. Boston, Mass.: Harvard Business School Press. Kelly, S. (2006). Leadership Refrains: Patterns of Leadership.Leadership,2(2), 181-201. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1742715006062934 Kippenberger, T. (2002).Leadership styles. Oxford, U.K.: Capstone Pub. Koshalek, R., Amatullo, M., Sagmeister, S. (2008).The L.A. earthquake sourcebook. [Pasadena, Calif.]: Designmatters, Art Center College of Design. Kurnit, P. Lance, S. (2009).The little blue book of marketing. New York: Portfolio. Leadership Careers. (2007).Nursing Leadership,20(4). https://dx.doi.org/10.12927/cjnl.2007.19475 Leadership in Sports. (2016).Money-zine.com. Retrieved 12 August 2016, from https://www.money-zine.com/career-development/leadership-skill/leadership-in-sports/ Ritchie, B. Campiranon, K.Tourism crisis and disaster management in the Asia-Pacific. Sadler, P. (2003).Leadership. London: Kogan Page Ltd. Stanley, C. (2012).Emotional intelligence for sales success. New York: Amacom.

The Current Dynamic Nature Of Business Environment Business Essay Example For Students

The Current Dynamic Nature Of Business Environment Business Essay The current dynamic nature of concern environment has made it disputing for directors in doing strategic fiscal determinations particularly in Africa where fiscal market that is non much developed as compared to other developed markets. The immatureness of the market makes it hard for fiscal directors to do certain fiscal determinations that will increase the value of the house. The capital construction choice by fiscal directors of the house has a strong impact on the general well-being of the house and besides affects the future activities of the house in general. This survey is meant to analyze the capital construction policies of companies listed on the Nigeria Stock Exchange taking a instance survey of bottling companies, therefore the subject analysis of the capital construction policies of companies listed on the Nigeria Stock Exchange: A instance survey of bottling companies. The capital construction of a house may change depending on the direction determinations with regard to the intervention of equity ( Both preferred and common ) and debt ownership of the organisation. The on the job capital policy adopted by directors whether to utilize aggressive, conservative or moderate policy should hence be analysed. The two chief basic beginnings that a concern demand in puting in its assets are debt and equity beginnings which need to be compensated for the usage of their capital with debt necessitating involvement and equity necessitating dividend ( Tracy, 2002 ) . Management should hence be discreet in planning and planing the capital composing of a company by looking at all indispensable factors critically since it is necessary in foretelling the wellbeing of the company. This brings into the construct and idea of optimum capital construction. Determining the optimum capital of a company is non a simple determination and it is really critical for most organisation. Optimum capital construction determination has a great impact on the returns of the organisation and rivals in general. Harmonizing to Tracy 2002, a ageless inquiry that is non easy to reply concerns whether a concern is utilizing optimum or best capital construction . Vessey, et Al. ( 2006 ) , province that A company s mark or optimum capital construction is the mix of debt, preferable equity and common equity in its balance sheet that will maximise the company s stock monetary value . This implies there are some groundss of optimum capital construction but to find the optimum capital construction for a peculiar company may be hard. Problem Statement Capital construction determination is the most indispensable component of every concern organisation and requires proper rating and choice procedures. This is because the endurance of every concern entity depends on the choice of appropriate debt and equity place that maximizes stockholders wealth. There are a few empirical groundss from a few emerging economic systems ( there are besides empirical grounds from developed economic systems ) to demo that an economic system s public presentation and stableness depends on its concern market and services. However, without equal finance, inducement of operations ( net income ) , a tolerable concern environment, an effectual direction and operations construction, a growth-oriented authorities policies and ordinances, houses will under-perform. Maksimovic ( 2001 ) , defines capital construction as a long-run beginning of financess which is in the signifier of either equity ( reserve and/ excess ) or debt evaluation credits for the house. The pick of debt and equity place by concern entities has called for several surveies to be done on the capable affair and this has led to the find legion theories environing capital construction. Modigliani and Miller ( 1958 ) is one such theory. However, the dominant theories in usage explicating the funding determinations of houses are the Trade-off theory and Perk uping order theory. However, most research workers conclude that the irrelevance proposition that M A ; M lineations is non that simple. Uwalomwa ( 2012 ) ; Scanlon ( 1972 ) ; Popsescu ( 2009 ) , show that the nature and aims of a concern, makes capital construction theories subject to reading. This implies that theories in usage explicating the funding determinations of houses like the Trade-off theory and Perk uping order theory may look the preferable for most houses but it does non do it the optimum theory. For case, M A ; M ( 1958 ) capital construction theory suggest that outside influences and/ other determiners impacting the growing and value of a house is irrelevant. Alzheimer’S Disease EssayNigerian Breweries Plc. Aims to be the taking drinks company in Nigeria bring forthing quality merchandises for client satisfaction through environmentally sound operations. The company s nucleus value, which it portions with its shareholders, is to go a planetary name in the drinks market by advancing the personal developments of their employees and back uping the community and the environment through their corporate construction duties. Therefore, integrating CSR activities, to advance high public presentation in the market to gain net income on the returns for their stakeholders by bring forthing quality merchandises that their clients enjoy ( client satisfaction ) . The 3rd sampled company, PZ Cussons was a trading station in Sierra Leone in 1879, so name Paterson Zochonis ( PZ ) after its laminitiss. George Paterson and George Zochonis, the laminitiss, opened a subdivision in Nigeria in 1899. In 1975, it acquired Cussons Group Ltd and the name was changed to PZ Cussons and in 2007, the Nigerian subdivision of PZ Cussons was changed to PZ Cussons Nigeria Plc. PZ Cussons is an international company runing in Nigeria with a mission to heighten the lives of consumers through their advanced production of quality merchandises ( value for money ) . The purpose of PZ Cussons is to execute in the planetary market and go a market leader by bring forthing quality merchandises, provide a agency of growing for their employees that enhance their quality of life and gaining net income for their stakeholders. PZ Cussons merchandises include wellness and well-being merchandises ; trade name name Carex, that is, antiseptic soaps ; trade name name Robb, that is, unctions such as rubb original, for hurting and rhinal congestion alleviation and inhalators ; trade name name everyday, which comprises of feminine hygiene healthful merchandises ; trade name name Joy ( joy roll-on, joy Cologne, joy talc and rejoice lip-gloss ) . It wellness and beauty merchandises include dairy merchandises such as evaporated and powdery milk, beauty merchandises ; trade name name Venusaˆâ€ ¢ a merchandise line including shampoo, hair relaxer, hair conditioner and hair growing picks ( merchandises specific for African hair types ) . It detersive merchandises include lavatory soaps ; trade name name Prime Minister and imperial leather. The 4th selected house is A. G. Leventis. In 1920, Anastassios G. Leventis, from Cyprus was engaged by a trading company based in Nigeria. He left his employers to set up a trading company of his ain in 1937, and was subsequently joined by his younger brother, C. P. Leventis in his concern venture. They ab initio exported agricultural merchandises, import and sale of fabrics and other trade goods. The beginning of the 1950 s, saw them subdivision into retails shops. They besides became an agent for Mercedes Benz autos and trucks ( including assembly, sale and after gross revenues attention ) , fabrication and distribution of coca Cola merchandises throughout Nigeria, the assembly and distribution of air-conditioners, the sale and service of iceboxs and generators ( a joint venture it portions with Cummins West Africa ltd and Cummins Inc. , USA ) . Another concern venture of the Leventis group during this period was to ramify into the fabrication of Crown and plastic containers for th e drink industry. In the 70 s, the group started spread outing their operations beyond Nigerian boundary lines. It presently employees more than ten 1000 people straight and indirectly, two hundred thousand people. It current market activities include three nutrient treating mills and about two hundred and 50 residential and commercial belongingss in existent estate development and direction. It besides has a gross revenues and serving sector, supervising vehicles ( Volkswagen trade name of trucks and coachs from Brazil and Mercedes Benz autos ) . This includes an engine inspection and repair and rebuild section. Another of the Leventis group ventures is in the cordial reception sector with a hotel located in the mainland of Lagos. This means that the Leventis company in Nigeria has an one-year gross revenues turnover of about one hundred and 30 billion Nairas, and has invested about one hundred billion Naira in Nigeria in the last five old ages. Therefore, the four sampled houses fulfil a standard in the parametric quantities of the theoretical account and/ procedure in replying the inquiry of the impact of capital construction policies on Nigerian bottling houses listed on the Nigeria Stock Exchange.

How Do You Make Use of an Essay Sample Paragragh?

How Do You Make Use of an Essay Sample Paragragh?An essay sample paragraph is a neat way to demonstrate your knowledge of an essay topic. It is more than a resume holder or business card holder; it allows you to produce a short excerpt of your best writing, using as little space as possible.Sometimes these types of devices are a great use of space, especially when the reader sees your entire essay sample paragraph. This will enable you to retain your ideas much better than if you were simply rambling about them. The essay sample paragraph can be made to be the look and feel of a particular document. You may print it up on a letterhead, to make it look professional, or to make it appear like a personal advertisement.This is an invaluable device in an informational or educational application. You will be able to bring the information you have into play in the essay sample paragraph. In this respect, the essay sample paragragh will help your employer, or whoever is hiring you, determine whether you are able to complete the job or project you are being assigned.Whether you have submitted several essays to numerous organizations, or whether you have completed an intensive writing course, the essay sample paragraph will allow you to produce a short outline of the articles you have written. It allows you to think about what you would want to change, or what you would wish to do differently, before you submit your essays. You can also write on your own, with a view to editing the essay you are thinking of submitting. The idea is to develop the essay sample paragragh into a document which conveys your ideas clearly and concisely.If you are looking for an essay sample paragragh to show you the different levels of written content, then you need not be concerned about just getting your words and ideas in the paper. Your essay sample paragraph can be used to make a document which does not have to be an essay. A book, a magazine, or any other media item which does not requir e much in the way of writing is an excellent essay sample paragraph.Because the essay sample paragraph is so small, there is no need to worry about how the information is presented. You can make it your own presentation of the information you wish to relay. That is another thing that makes this type of device a great one to use: it can be used to put your ideas into writing, without making the document longer than necessary.In essence, an essay sample paragraph allows you to create a document which can be less formal, in a way. This can help you to display a more competent approach to the tasks at hand, whilst at the same time, allowing you to get more in-depth, and clearly express your ideas.

How does marijuana affect the brain

Introduction Marijuana is commonly known by other names such as pot, weed, skunk, ganja or grass. Marijuana refers to dried leaves of the cannabis plant that people smoke or eat to get the feeling of euphoria. A substance in the marijuana leaves called delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol abbreviated as THC causes the euphoria (Steinherz Vissing, 1997-1998; Monroe, 1998).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on How does marijuana affect the brain? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The abusers of the drug crave for THC, which leads to addiction. Marijuana is among the illegal drugs that are regularly used in the world. In Europe and the United States, marijuana is the leading illegal drug that many people use. Most people smoke it and teens have not been left behind in the craze for marijuana as they start smoking it early. Studies have shown that the effects of marijuana are negative. One of the profound findings of the studies is on the negative effects of marijuana on the brain. The use of marijuana is harmful to an individual and its use should be regulated. Marijuana affects the brain and thus has an overall negative in an individual because it affects the brain, which is a vital organ in the body. It is important to note that marijuana affects other parts of the body such as the lungs but this paper will look at how marijuana affects the brain. Theories of marijuana usage There is a marijuana theory called the stepping stone theory. The theory asserts that the usage of marijuana often leads to abuse of other drugs. Marijuana is said to contain pharmacological properties, which induce the users to try to experiment with other drugs (Mack Joy, 2001). The theory applies in that if an individual will enjoy the usage of marijuana they are more likely to enjoy stronger drugs than marijuana such as cocaine. The theory presupposes that factors that lead one to start using marijuana are likely to lea d to use of hard drugs. Not only does it harm an individual’s brain but also leads to further harm through the introduction to other drugs such as cocaine and heroine (Kring, Johnson, Davison Neale, 2009). It is important to note that not all users of marijuana end up using other drugs such as cocaine but many users of such drugs as heroine began by using marijuana (Kring et al, 2009). Moreover, people are introduced to marijuana smoking because they are told it has positive effects such as relieving one of stress but the results of the smoking are short lived as when marijuana effects wears off the issues that had caused the stress still remain and he or she must deal with problem to avoid further stress. The other theory is the gateway theory. The theory urges that there is a consistent pattern of drug abuse from adolescence into adulthood. Young people who start the usage of marijuana are more likely to continue the habit in adulthood. The people who are able to gain acce ss to marijuana, which is an illegal drug, also get access to other drugs hence marijuana acts as a gateway to other hard drugs as their access becomes easy (Mack Joy, 2001).Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Researches findings on effects of marijuana on the brain Research findings on the brain show that abuse of marijuana for a long time affects the brain just as the other drugs do to the brain. The usage of marijuana affects a person general life. A study shows that the users who take high doses of marijuana report problems such as their distortion of their cognitive abilities, which include the memory. Studies also indicate that people who start smoking marijuana at an early age have higher risks of getting the negative effects because their brains are still developing. The findings on the effects of marijuana on the brain show mixed results as some say that marijua na has no long time effects on the brain and that the short effects wear quickly. They consider marijuana to contain useful medicinal values such as alleviating nausea in cancer patients and helping them to regain their eating appetite (NIDA Infofacts: marijuana, n.d.). In fact some groups have been calling for the legalization of marijuana because they say it does not have negative effects. Other studies have also shown that the amounts of marijuana required in causing brain damage are very high and the studies done on animals indicate that human beings have little chance of having their brains damaged through smoking of marijuana. Some studies also indicate that use of marijuana can lead to mental problems. Individuals who use marijuana exhibit increased levels of things such as anxiety, depression, stress and schizophrenia. Evidence shows that there is a strong link between marijuana use and schizophrenia later on in life (How Does Marijuana Affect the Brain? 2010). How marijuana travels to the brain THC targets the brain and thus affects this vital human organ. Marijuana is often taken through inhalation via smoking and gains faster access to the bloodstream. It gains fast access to the brain because it is able to bypass the digestive process (Mehling Triggle, 2003, p. 26). The metabolites in the drug are lipophilic- fat-soluble and are able to bypass the barrier that regulates substances that pass from the blood to the brain. Marijuana is able to gain access to the brain and bypass two layers of cells, which act as the barrier between the blood and the brain. When marijuana gets to the brain, the users report that they feel released from stress and attain euphoria. It is important to note that the effects of marijuana depend on things such as the social setting, users experience and psychological history with the drug in association with countless personality effects and the chemical complexity of the marijuana. The chemical complexity of marijuana depen ds on the part of the cannabis plant from which it is taken from for instance THC is located in resin found in the flowering tops of the cannabis plant and a small amount in the leaves. The most chemically complex marijuana is found in resin removed from the stem and the leaves. Such marijuana contains from eight to fourteen per cent of THC whereas marijuana made from dried leaves of the plant contains from four to 8 per cent of THC (Steinherz Vissing, 1997-1998).Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on How does marijuana affect the brain? specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Effects of marijuana on the brain The substance THC is fat-soluble and may be left in the body’s fatty tissues and later released into the bloodstream after a long period. Studies show that regular users of marijuana have a higher risk of getting their brains affected than the occasional users. Frequent users are more likely to be affe cted because THC takes a longer time to be released from their bodies as they accumulate large quantities of the substance in their bodies. Studies show that use of marijuana has effects on the brain. Those who use marijuana exhibit it effects on their brains after a while and even though studies on how it affects the brain have been inconsistent, its impact on the users cannot be denied (Weinsten et al, 2007). For instance, one study shows that there is no conclusive evidence of brain damage because of marijuana usage. Nine people who underwent the study showed no sign of brain damage even after smoking about nine marijuana cigarettes from the CAT scans. Nevertheless, many other researches have shown that the THC is responsible for altering the way in which the brain senses as well as the processing of information. The alterations are mostly notable in the region of the brain called the hippocampus. Marijuana affects the memory of an individual when taken in high doses as THC alter s the way the brain functions because it has many receptors that receive the THC. The hippocampus part of the brain has the responsibility of integrating sensory of the memory and motivation. It is also responsible with memory and the learning process. Thus, memory and learning is interfered with by marijuana usage (Mehling Triggle, 2003). THC attaches itself on the receptors in the hippocampus and due to the fact that it is a steroid it inhibits the hippocampus from retrieving memory and especially the short term memory. THC is responsible for weakening the short term memory through the destruction of the nerve cells. The destroyed nerve cells acquire new structures which are unable to register any new information to the brain when marijuana users take high doses. The information an individual on a high dose of marijuana may not be registered in the brain hence they cannot retrieve it from their memory. Moreover, THC reduces the ability of the nerve cells to function well (Ejelonu , 2004). The hippocampus region of the brain contains cannabinoid receptors that receive the THC which make users feel high. The high concentration of cannaboid in the brain makes the users experiences problems with the memory as the nerves responsible for transmitting information to the brain are distorted. The impact on the memory can affect other activities such as learning long after the effects of high doses of marijuana wear off. The users of marijuana often have lower educational attainment than their non-smoking counterparts because it affects their memory and learning process (Gruber, Pope, Hudson Yurgelun-Todd, 2003).Advertising Looking for research paper on health medicine? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Marijuana affects the memory types in two ways. The first type of the memory affected is recognition. Through the recognition memory, an individual is able to identify words Users of marijuana are able to identify words that they had seen prior to smoking marijuana and identify other words that they had not seen prior to smoking. The mistake in recognizing words that had not been seen prior to smoking is called memory intrusions. The memory intrusions occur because the brain’s free cells are affected by THC. Smoking marijuana interferes with the ability of the user to recall words correctly from a given list. For example, smokers of marijuana are only able to remember some words in a given list. They remember the words that they saw last and forget those that appear in first in the list. The failure to recall the words at the top of the list after a short while indicates that marijuana ahs strong effects on the brain. The THC in marijuana does not impair ones ability to recal l but instead alters the way the memory works by creating selective memory where one recalls some words and not others (Ejelonu, 2004). Conclusion Marijuana use has been shown by studies to affect the brain in a number of ways. The chemical substance found in the cannabis plant called THC sticks to the cannabinoid receptors that are concentrated on the hippocampus area in the brain and changes the way the nerve cells work. The alteration of the function of the nerve cells affects how information is registered on the memory and the ability of the marijuana user to recall information. Moreover, marijuana affects an individual’s life in a myriad ways such as in their social life, careers and even in their cognitive motor skills. The fact that some researches show that marijuana does not have harmful damages on an individual should not encourage people to experiment with the drug as there is evidence to show that it does have an effect on the brain and those effects are negative in nature apart from the short lived feelings of euphoria that lure people into the drug. More importantly, people need to be educated on how marijuana affects the human brain and body in general so that those who decide to start or continue its use make informed choices. In addition, more studies need to be done to give conclusive information on how marijuana use affects an individual’s brain to remove the controversy surrounding the drug. Reference List Ejelonu, A. (2004). How does marijuana affect the brain? Web. Gruber, A.J., Hope, H.G., Hudson, J.I. Yurgelun-Todd, D. (2003). Attributes of long-term heavy cannabis users: a case-control study. Psychological Medicine, 33, 1415-1422. How Does Marijuana Affect the Brain? (2010). Web. Kring, A. Johnson, S. Davison, G.C. Neale, J.M. (2009). Abnormal psychology. New York: John Wiley and Sons. Mack, A. Joy, J.E. (2001). Marijuana as medicine?: the science beyond the controversy. New National Academies Press. Mehling, R. Trigg le, D.J. (2003). Marijuana. New York: InfoBase Publishing. Monroe, J. (1998). Marijuana- a mind altering drug, Current Health, 24 (7), no.pag. NIDA Info facts: marijuana. (n.d.). Web. Steinherz, K Vissing, T. (1997-1998). The medical effects of marijuana on the Brain. Web. Weinstein, A et al. (2008). Brain imaging study of the acute effects of Δ9 – tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) on attention and motor coordination in regular users of marijuana. Psychopharmacology, 196 (1), 119-131. This research paper on How does marijuana affect the brain? was written and submitted by user Jayson W. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Definition and Examples of Online Reading

Definition and Examples of Online Reading Definition Online reading is the process of extracting meaning from a text that is in a digital format. Also called digital reading. Most researchers agree that the experience of reading online (whether on a PC or a mobile device) is fundamentally different from the experience of reading print materials. As discussed below, however, the nature and quality of these different experiences (as well as the particular skills required for proficiency) are still being debated and explored. See Examples and Observations  below. Also see: ReadingThe Advantages of Slow Reading and Slow Writing Close Reading and Deep Reading How to Become a Creative ReaderOnline WritingReaderReading Speed Writers on Reading Examples and Observations Unlike reading print sources, reading online is nonlinear. When you read a book or an article in print, you follow a reading sequence- beginning at the start of the text and progressing through the text systematically. However, when you read information online, you frequently jump around from source to source using hyperlinks that direct you to a different Web page.(Christine Evans Carter, Mindscapes: Critical Reading Skills and Strategies, 2nd ed. Wadsworth, Cengage, 2014) Comparing Print and Digital Reading ExperiencesCertainly, as we turn to online reading, the physiology of the reading process itself shifts; we don’t read the same way online as we do on paper. . . .When Ziming Liu, a professor at San Jose State University whose research centers on digital reading and the use of e-books, conducted a review of studies that compared print and digital reading experiences, . . . he found that several things had changed. On screen, people tended to browse and scan, to look for k eywords, and to read in a less linear, more selective fashion. On the page, they tended to concentrate more on following the text. Skimming, Liu concluded, had become the new reading: the more we read online, the more likely we were to move quickly, without stopping to ponder any one thought. . . .[P]erhaps digital reading isn’t worse so much as different than print reading. Julie Coiro, who studies digital reading comprehension in elementary- and middle-school students at the University of Rhode Island, has found that good reading in print doesn’t necessarily translate to good reading on-screen. The students do not only differ in their abilities and preferences; they also need different sorts of training to excel at each medium. The online world, she argues, may require students to exercise much greater self-control than a physical book. In reading on paper, you may have to monitor yourself once, to actually pick up the book, she says. On the Internet, that monitoring and self-regulation cycle happens again and again.(Maria Konnikova, Being a Better Online Reader. The New Yorker, July 16, 2014) Developing New Skills for Online Reading- How does the nature of writing and reading change on the Internet? What, if any, new literacies do we require? We are just discovering the answers to these questions (Afflerbach Cho, 2008). First, it appears that online reading comprehension typically takes place within a research and problem-solving task (Coiro Castek, 2010). In short, online reading is online research. Second, online reading also becomes tightly integrated with writing, as we communicate with others to learn more about the questions we explore and as we communicate our own interpretations. A third difference that exists is that new technologies . . . are used online. Additional skills are required to use each of these technologies effectively. . . .Finally, and perhaps most importantly, online reading may require even greater amounts of higher-level thinking than offline reading. In a context in which anyone may publish anything, higher-level thinking skills such as crit ical evaluation of source material and understanding an authors point of view become especially important online.(Donald J. Leu, Elena Forani. and Clint Kennedy, Providing Classroom Leadership in New Literacies. The Administration and Supervision of Reading Programs, 5th ed., edited by Shelley B. Wepner, Dorothy S. Strickland, and Diana J. Quatroche. Teachers College Press, 2014)- [E]ncouraging students to take on a leadership role in sharing their online skills and strategies has proven to be a beneficial means of promoting acquisition of the new literacies of online reading comprehension (Castek, 2008). The findings from this study suggest that students learn online reading comprehension skills best from other students, within the context of challenging activities designed by the teacher. Increased levels of challenge appeared to prompt students to try multiple approaches to making sense of complex information and encouraged them to think deeply about solving problems.(Jacquelynn A. Malloy, Jill M. Castek, and Donald J. Leu, Silent Reading and Online Reading Comprehension. Revisiting Silent Reading: New Directions for Teachers and Researchers, ed. by Elfrieda H. Hiebert and D. Ray Reutzel. International Reading Association, 2010) Reading More, Remembering Less?We might have more access to information than ever before, but reading things online actually has a negative impact on peoples cognition.[In a study conducted at Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand,] associate professor Val Hooper and masters student Channa Heraths analysis of online and offline reading behaviour found that online reading generally does not have a positive impact on peoples cognition.Concentration, comprehension, absorption and recall rates when engaging with online material were all much lower than traditional text.This is despite people getting through more material thanks to skim reading and scanning online material.(Internet Makes Us Stupid: Study. Sydney Morning Herald [Australia], July 12, 2014) The Transition to Digital ReadingIts still words being taken in on a computer screen, and for millions of people it is a daily occurrence, one that now seems as natural to them as anything else in their lives. To think that mil lions wont be willing or able to make the transition to an overall digital reading experience is naà ¯ve. In large measure, people already do the majority of their reading digitally.(Jeff Gomez, Print Is Dead: Books in Our Digital Age. Macmillan, 2008) The Lighter Side of Online ReadingAnyway, Ive done lots of research for the past, you know, few hours, and I found out that most people will believe anything they read. And I know its true because, you know, I . . . I read it online somewhere.(Dr. Doofenshmirtz, Ferb Latin/Lotsa Latkes. Phineas and Ferb, 2011)

Articulate a problem solving process regarding a practice issue in Essay

Articulate a problem solving process regarding a practice issue in nursing. In addition you will discuss evidence and its relati - Essay Example In most cases, medication errors are arrested before they get to the patient, or they may reach the patients and cause no harm, or cause treatable as well as permanent harm requiring prolonged hospitalization of the patient. Although there are preventive measures that can be put in place to deter occurrence of these medication errors, they are bound to happen from time to time, and it is expedient for medical practitioners to have necessary skill and knowhow regarding solution to such problems (Wilkinson & Treas, 2011). The reason for taking preventive or curative measures when it comes to nurses’ medication errors are governed by the professional ethics regarding nursing practice. Safety for hospitalized patients and response to or solution of emerging practice errors (such as those of medication) is part of a patient’s rights and should be the topmost priority (professionally) of health practitioners (Flynn & Barker et al., 2002). Problem description Most of the commo n medication errors arise from insufficient skills of the nurses in administering dosages. One particular medication error occurs in the administration of intravenous medication in the hospitals. Evidence of factors associated with errors in administration of intravenous medication or the severity of the errors is limited, but they do have a notably high frequency of incidence in medical institutions (Wilkinson & Treas, 2011). Intravenous medications are very complex and require many steps in preparing them, administering them, and monitoring the progress of patients under intravenous medication. These processes require precision and particular risks are posed by errors in medication (Cohen, 2007). The medication errors in intravenous medication administration occur in terms of failures in procedures or intravenous clinical errors (Flynn & Liang et al., 2012). Procedural failure includes lack of attention to record administration of medication on a medication chart, administering IV medication at the wrong time, or failing to read the label on medication. Failure by the nurse to wash hands prior to preparing the injection (breaching aseptic techniques), storing intravenous medication temporarily in unsecure environments, or failing to check identification of the patient or blood/pulse pressure prior to dose administration constitute procedural failure (Wilkinson & Treas, 2011). QNSE Competencies A nurse may also fail to check the level of blood sugar before administering insulin or skipping of the procedure of signing register of dangerous drugs by two nurses as required. Clinical errors (intravenous) may be occasioned by incorrect rate of intravenous, which may be faster or slower than recommended, incorrect mixture by using the wrong solvent, using a different volume of solvent in preparation of intravenous medication than what is recommended, as well as incompatibility of drugs by combining drugs that are not compatible through the same intravenous infusion . There may also be errors in general programming of the

The Sources of Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The Sources of Law - Essay Example The federal and the state administrative regulations are set by the executive branch and are passed by the legislature. The constitution is the written rules that are agreed upon by the state union of people. This constitution remains in control until it shall be changed by the authority which created it. Though constitutions are long lasting and are not easily amended. It sets the parameters of the state and hence is formulated in a very general language. It’s composed of decisions that are made by courts in individual cases. It originates from specific facts and therefore the court resolves the disputes between the parties involved based on the individual facts. The judges make laws by applying and interpreting laws based on a case to another. A court uses an earlier and similar case to give a legal action in order to decide on an individual case. These sources may be given a lesser or a greater weight. These include writing of legal scholars which may either is in civil law jurisdictions or in academic writings and interpreting the legislation; it could be an edict from a ruler or from the king or even from Islamic religion like the Sharia